## Introduction
Cinnamon is a spice that has been used for thousands of years, appreciated both for its flavor and health benefits. The term cinnamon actually refers to several species of evergreen trees in the genus Cinnamomum, which are native to China and Southeast Asia. The inner bark of these trees are dried into a roll or ground into powder to produce the cinnamon spice.
Cinnamon has a long and illustrious history dating back thousands of years. It was highly prized in ancient Egypt and became an integral part of their embalming process. Chinese texts also mention cinnamon dating back to 2800 BC, where it was imported across Asia. The ancient Romans used cinnamon as a perfume and as an ingredient in funeral pyres to mask the smell of burnt flesh. In medieval times, cinnamon was rare and highly valued, often given as a gift to royalty and the very wealthy.
Today, cinnamon is one of the most popular spices in the world. It has various culinary uses, lending its sweet, aromatic flavor to desserts, curries, beverages, and more. The most common types of cinnamon are: Ceylon cinnamon which originates from Sri Lanka, and Cassia cinnamon which mainly comes from China and Southeast Asia. Cinnamon also has many health benefits - it can help regulate blood sugar, has anti-inflammatory properties, and contains antioxidants. Recent studies have shown it may boost brain function and help fight neurological disorders like Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease. Ground cinnamon is also used in natural beauty remedies for its antiseptic and soothing properties.
## Types of Cinnamon
There are four main types of cinnamon:
### Ceylon Cinnamon
Ceylon cinnamon is native to Sri Lanka and southern parts of India. It is harvested from the inner bark of the Cinnamomum verum tree. Ceylon cinnamon has a tan-brown color and contains many tight sticks that form layers or rolls. It has a mildly sweet and citrusy flavor. Ceylon cinnamon is considered to be "true cinnamon" and is quite expensive compared to other varieties.
### Cassia Cinnamon
Cassia cinnamon originated in southern China. It's harvested from the Cinnamomum cassia tree. Cassia cinnamon is a dark brown color with thick sticks that form only one layer when rolled. It has a strong, spicy flavor with hints of clove. This is the most common type used in the United States.
### Saigon Cinnamon
Saigon cinnamon, also known as Vietnamese cinnamon, comes from Vietnam and surrounding regions. It is harvested from the Cinnamomum loureiroi tree. Saigon cinnamon has a reddish-brown color and its sticks are not as thick as other varieties. It has a very intense, sweet flavor without the bitterness associated with cassia cinnamon.
### Korintje Cinnamon
Korintje cinnamon is a type of cassia cinnamon native to Indonesia. It comes from the Cinnamomum burmannii tree. Korintje cinnamon is typically sold as a ground powder rather than whole sticks. It has a distinct spicy-sweet flavor that is less intense than regular cassia cinnamon.
## Nutrition Facts
Cinnamon is very low in calories, yet rich in essential vitamins and minerals. Here are some of the main nutrients found in 1 teaspoon (2 grams) of ground cinnamon (7):
- Calories: 6
- Carbs: 2 grams
- Fiber: 1 gram
- Sugar: 0 grams
- Protein: 0 grams
- Vitamin K: 2% of the RDI
- Iron: 1% of the RDI
- Calcium: 1% of the RDI
- Manganese: 4% of the RDI
Cinnamon also contains trace amounts of other nutrients like vitamin E, niacin, vitamin B6, and more.
It provides just 6 calories per teaspoon, while adding a sweet and warming flavor to foods and drinks without any added sugar. It’s high in fiber and low in carbs, with just 2 grams of carbs per teaspoon.
Cinnamon is especially high in antioxidants and polyphenol compounds with health benefits. In particular, it’s rich in plant compounds called proanthocyanidins which are linked to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.
So cinnamon packs an impressive amount of nutrients and antioxidants despite being low in calories. Adding just a sprinkle to your foods and beverages can provide essential vitamins, minerals, fiber, and antioxidants.
## Health Benefits
Cinnamon is packed with antioxidants and anti-inflammatory compounds that provide a wide range of health benefits. Here are some of the top ways cinnamon can improve your health:
### Lowers Blood Sugar
Multiple studies have shown cinnamon can lower blood sugar levels and improve insulin sensitivity. The active compound responsible is believed to be cinnamaldehyde. Research indicates taking cinnamon can mimic insulin, increasing glucose uptake and glycogen synthesis. Supplementing with cinnamon has been shown to reduce fasting blood sugar levels by 10-29%. It may also decrease hemoglobin A1C in people with type 2 diabetes.
### Protects Heart Health
Cinnamon improves numerous markers of heart health. Its anti-inflammatory properties can reduce risk factors like high cholesterol and high blood pressure. Cinnamon also appears to stimulate circulation and blood flow. Some evidence suggests it may help prevent cardiovascular disease and stroke through these protective effects.
### Fights Infections
With its antimicrobial effects, cinnamon may help stop the growth of bacteria, yeasts, and fungi. Essential oils from cinnamon have been found to increase white blood cell count and activity. This enhances immune function and the body's ability to fight illness. Research indicates cinnamon may be effective against respiratory tract infections, dental plaques and cavities, and infections in wounds.
### Improves Neurological Function
Some animal studies report cinnamon may improve motor function and help protect neurons against neurodegenerative diseases like Parkinson's. It's believed that cinnamon activates neuroprotective proteins that limit neurological damage. More research is still needed, but these effects could also benefit brain health in humans.
## Uses in Cooking and Baking
Cinnamon is a versatile spice that can be used in both sweet and savory dishes. It is especially popular for desserts, where it adds warmth and complexity to baked goods.
### Desserts
Cinnamon is a staple ingredient in many desserts, including:
- Apple pie - Cinnamon complements the sweet apples and adds an enticing aroma. It is often sprinkled directly on top of the pie filling before baking.
- Snickerdoodles - These sugar cookies are rolled in cinnamon-sugar before baking for a crunchy cinnamon coating.
- Churros - Cinnamon and sugar are shaken together as a coating for fried churro dough sticks.
- Rice pudding - Cinnamon provides warming flavor to sweet, creamy rice pudding desserts.
- Banana bread - A dash of cinnamon brings out the flavor of ripe bananas in quick breads.
- Carrot cake - Cinnamon combines with other spices like nutmeg and allspice to flavor the cake.
- Fruit cobblers or crisps - Cinnamon seasons fruit fillings for cobblers, crumbles and crisps.
### Savory Dishes
Cinnamon can also be used to add warmth and complexity to savory dishes like:
- Curries - A touch of cinnamon rounds out curry spice blends.
- Chili - A dash of cinnamon enhances the flavor of beef or bean chilis.
- Pork - Rubbing pork chops or roasts with cinnamon before cooking imparts a subtle sweetness.
- Roasted vegetables - Tossing cinnamon with roasted root vegetables like carrots, parsnips or sweet potatoes.
- Spice rubs - Cinnamon is used with other spices like cumin and chili powder to make zesty rubs for meats.
### Beverages
Cinnamon can infuse flavor into hot and cold beverages:
- Chai tea - Cinnamon is blended with cardamom, cloves and black tea for this traditional Indian drink.
- Mexican hot chocolate - Cinnamon adds warmth and spice to rich Mexican hot chocolate.
- Coffee - A dash of cinnamon can be sprinkled on top of brewed coffee. It is also used in some coffee grounds and syrups.
- Apple cider - Warm apple cider is seasoned with cinnamon sticks and cloves.
### Spice Blends
Cinnamon is also used in popular spice blends like:
- Pumpkin pie spice - With nutmeg, ginger and allspice, cinnamon flavors pumpkin pies and other autumnal baked goods.
- Moroccan spice - Cinnamon joins cumin, coriander, cloves and other spices for Moroccan tajines and grilled meats.
- Garam masala - This blend of up to 12 spices often includes cinnamon for Indian curries and vegetable dishes.
- Arabic spice - Cinnamon combines with black pepper, cloves and coriander in this Middle Eastern seasoning blend.
## Beauty Uses
Cinnamon has many beauty and aromatherapy applications due to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties.
### Skin Care
Cinnamon is often used in skincare and included in products like face masks, scrubs, and toners. It can help reduce acne by killing bacteria, reduce skin inflammation, increase blood circulation, and stimulate cell regeneration. Mix ground cinnamon with honey or olive oil and use it as a face mask. It helps hydrate, soothe irritation, and give your skin a warm glow.
### Hair Care
Cinnamon promotes hair growth by improving blood circulation to hair follicles. It also helps condition hair and adds shine. Make a hair mask by mixing 1 teaspoon of cinnamon powder with 2 tablespoons of olive oil. Apply it to your scalp and hair and let sit for 15-20 minutes before rinsing. Using cinnamon oil for scalp massages can also stimulate hair follicles.
### Aromatherapy
Cinnamon has a warm, spicy aroma that is energizing and uplifting. It is excellent for aromatherapy uses. You can simmer cinnamon sticks in water and inhale the fragrance or use cinnamon essential oils in a diffuser. Its scent is said to boost brain function, improve mood, and relieve stress. Adding a few drops of cinnamon oil to lotions, baths, or homemade cleaning products also provides aromatherapy benefits.
## How to Select and Store Cinnamon
Cinnamon is available year-round in most supermarkets. When selecting cinnamon, look for sticks that are a reddish-brown color and have layers that curl inward. The bark should be thick and feel rigid and crumbly between your fingers. Avoid sticks that are dull in color as they may have lost their flavor and aroma. The quills should also have an even layer of oil which gives cinnamon its rich fragrance.
Cinnamon sticks or powder should be kept in a tightly sealed glass container in a cool, dark, dry place. Ground cinnamon lasts about 6 months, while cinnamon sticks can stay fresh for up to 1 year stored this way. You can also extend their shelf life by storing cinnamon in the refrigerator.
Place the cinnamon away from light and heat sources which will cause it to dry out and lose potency faster. If your cinnamon has been on the shelf for a while and loses its aroma and color, it may be time to replace it with a fresh batch. Proper storage will help preserve the flavors and health benefits of cinnamon.
## Cinnamon Recipes
Cinnamon adds warmth, spice, and sweetness to a variety of dishes and drinks. Here are some delicious ways to use this versatile spice:
### Cinnamon Rolls
Cinnamon rolls are a breakfast favorite and comfort food classic. The dough is rolled out flat, spread with butter, cinnamon sugar, and chopped nuts if desired. The dough is then tightly rolled up, sliced, and baked until golden brown. The enticing aroma of freshly baked cinnamon rolls is hard to resist!
### Cinnamon Oatmeal
A dash of cinnamon takes oatmeal from bland to decadent. Simply stir it into cooked oats along with sliced fruit, nuts, brown sugar, or other mix-ins. The cinnamon adds flavor depth and makes oatmeal taste almost like a dessert.
### Cinnamon Curry
Many curries benefit from a touch of cinnamon, which blends well with cumin, coriander, ginger and other Indian spices. It adds subtle sweetness and complexity to dishes like chicken tikka masala, chana masala, lentil dal, and vegetable curries.
### Cinnamon Coffee
Cinnamon can transform an ordinary cup of coffee into a gourmet treat. Simply add a cinnamon stick or 1/4 teaspoon ground cinnamon to brewed coffee. The spice infuses the coffee with warming flavor and aroma. Cinnamon also complements coffee drinks like lattes, cappuccinos, and mochas.
## Risks and Precautions
While cinnamon is generally safe when consumed in moderation, there are some risks and precautions to be aware of:
- **Coumarin Content**: Cinnamon contains coumarin, a naturally occurring substance that can be toxic to the liver and kidneys at high doses. Ceylon cinnamon contains very little coumarin, while Cassia cinnamon has much higher levels. Consuming large amounts of Cassia cinnamon on a regular basis is not recommended.
- **Drug Interactions**: Cinnamon may interfere with certain medications including antibiotics, diabetes drugs, anticoagulants, and cardiac medications. Consult your doctor before using cinnamon supplements.
- **Allergies**: Some people may be allergic to cinnamon and experience symptoms like skin irritation, swelling, difficulty breathing, and anaphylaxis. Discontinue use if any allergic reactions occur.
- **Pregnancy**: Cinnamon is likely safe when consumed in food during pregnancy. However, cinnamon supplements should be avoided as a safety precaution.
- **Surgery**: Cinnamon may potentially interfere with blood glucose control during and after surgery. It's best to stop taking cinnamon at least 2 weeks before a scheduled surgery.
Overall, cinnamon as a spice is generally recognized as safe by the FDA. But caution should be taken with supplements, extracts, and oils which have higher concentrations. Start with small amounts to assess tolerance, and consult a healthcare professional if you have any concerns.
## FAQs
#### What is cinnamon?
Cinnamon is a spice obtained from the inner bark of several tree species from the genus Cinnamomum. The most common varieties used today are Cassia cinnamon (from C. cassia) and Ceylon cinnamon (from C. verum).
#### Where does cinnamon come from?
Cinnamon originated in Sri Lanka and parts of India. Today, it is cultivated across tropical regions including Indonesia, China, Vietnam, and Egypt. Ceylon cinnamon specifically comes from Sri Lanka and parts of India, while Cassia cinnamon comes from China, Vietnam and Indonesia.
#### What's the difference between Ceylon and Cassia cinnamon?
Ceylon cinnamon is considered to be “true cinnamon” and is lighter in color and milder in flavor than Cassia cinnamon. Cassia cinnamon is darker, thicker, and has a more intense flavor. Ceylon cinnamon also has lower levels of coumarin, a natural compound that can be toxic in large doses.
#### What does cinnamon taste like?
Cinnamon has a sweet, spicy flavor that is slightly bitter. Ceylon cinnamon is said to have a more refined and subtle flavor than Cassia cinnamon. The taste can also vary slightly depending on where the cinnamon is grown.
#### What is cinnamon bark?
Cinnamon bark comes from the inner bark of cinnamon trees. It naturally curls into rolls or ‘quills’ when scraped off and dried. Cinnamon sticks are unground cinnamon bark. Ground cinnamon is powdered cinnamon bark.
#### Is cinnamon good for you?
Yes, cinnamon is highly nutritious and linked to many health benefits. It is high in antioxidants, anti-inflammatory compounds, and may help reduce heart disease risk factors, regulate blood sugar levels, and protect against neurological diseases. Always consume cinnamon in moderation.
#### How much cinnamon should you eat per day?
Up to 1-2 teaspoons (2-4 grams) of cinnamon per day is considered safe for most adults. Consuming more than this without medical supervision is not recommended, as cinnamon contains coumarin, which can be toxic in high doses. Those on medication should consult a doctor before supplementing with cinnamon.
#### What are the side effects of too much cinnamon?
Consuming excess cinnamon may result in side effects like mouth sores, low blood sugar, liver damage, breathing issues, and increased risk of cancer. Very high doses can be toxic due to the compound coumarin. Stick to recommended serving sizes and consult a doctor if any side effects occur.
#### Is cinnamon anti-inflammatory?
Yes, cinnamon has been shown to have powerful anti-inflammatory properties due to compounds like cinnamaldehyde. This may help reduce inflammation-related conditions like heart disease, neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes, and arthritis.
#### Does cinnamon help with weight loss?
Some studies suggest cinnamon may modestly boost satiety and rev up metabolism, helping with weight loss. However, results are mixed. Any minor impact cinnamon has on weight is likely not enough to lead to significant weight loss on its own. Managing overall diet and exercise remains key.




